ma barker family tree

As 'Mrs. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. They made no exception for Fred and Ma Barker after they were brought to a morgue in Ocala, Florida. Ma Barker: Notorious Gangster or Doting Mom? - Medium The red-haired, plump Kate Barker was always something of a spitfire. Barker was born Arizona Donnie Clark in Ash Grove, Missouri, the daughter of John and Emaline (Parker) Clark; her family called her "Arrie".In 1892, she married George Barker in Lawrence County, Missouri, and the couple had four sons: Herman (1893-1927), Lloyd (1897-1949), Arthur (1899-1939), and Fred (1901-1935). FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover described her as "the most vicious, dangerous, and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade.". The FBI were not aware that Karpis and other gang members had left three days before, leaving only Fred and Ma in the house. Shortly after, Fred Barkerwas released from prison in 1931 and, per Biography, brought home a friend: former cellmate Alvin Karpis. Records of Ma Barker on Ancestry. On Dec. 18, 1931, Fred and Alvin robbed a department store in West Plains, Missouri. /Rotate 360 Put yer hands in the air and gimme all yer money," before going on to describe her as "the meanest cat from ol' Chicago town." A funeral mass was held on Monday, September 12th 2022 at 11:00 AM at the St. Augustine's Parish (43 Essex St, Andover, MA 01810). If that doesn't sound familiar, Lady Gaga later sampled the song in "Poker Face" - those famous "ma ma ma ma's" are referencing the one and only Ma Barker. It was there that the Barker-Karpis gang committed their more infamous crimes, eventually turning from bank robberies to kidnapping under the protection and guidance of Thomas Brown, the citys corrupt chief of police. >> Bloody Mama: Directed by Roger Corman. The Barker deathhouse in Ocklawaha, Florida, was listed for sale on August 16, 2012. In the ensuing shootout, one policeman was killed . -- 1 sheet ; 11 x 15 cm Sources of the history -Origin of the family - Landmarks and heirlooms -- Signs and abbreviations -- Descendants of Robert Barker -- Descendants of John Barker The special agent in charge of the operation approached the house and demanded that the occupants surrender. Ma Barker - Wikipedia So stick around, see. Over the course of their marriage, George worked various odd jobs, includingat the Crystal Springs Water Company (per The Famous People). Ma and Dunlop traveled with them, using various false names during their itinerant crime career. 1926 Fred Barker robbed bank in Winfield, Kansas; arrested. This tragedy took a toll on both Kate and George Barker - but they handled it differently. Heres how she became the FBIs most wanted mother of the 1930s. This event is supposed to have awakened her desire for adventure and life outside the law. /LastChar 122 That day, Hoover said, marked "the end of an era of violence." For nine months, the corpses lay unclaimed. Mary M (Dix) Barker (abt.1655-1744) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree Following their public display, the bodies of Fred and Ma Barker went unclaimed for nine months before George Barker finally took them home to Oklahoma to be buried next to Herman Barker, per the Joplin Globe. What could look more innocent? [citation needed], Both bodies were found in the same front bedroom. Research genealogy for Mary Barker of Newland, Yorkshire, England, as well as other members of the Barker family, on Ancestry. "The name Barker, though not a very common one, made its appearance during the thirteenth century in parts of the country widely distant from each other, and it is not to be supposed that all those who bore it were in any way related to each other. Ma Barker was born on October 8, 1873, deep in the Missouri Ozarks in a town that was barely a town called Ash Grove. Either she threw him out, as some say, or he left when life became intolerable with his criminal family. Ma Barker died from a single bullet wound, and Freds body was riddled with bullets. Roger and Alva had Joseph Barker, Cecil Barker, Larry Barker, Wayne Barker, Delma Barker, Marion Barker, Versie Barker, Dalton Barker. Barker Gang | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Research genealogy for Thomas Barker of Marblehead, Essex, Massachusetts, as well as other members of the Barker family, on Ancestry. He was among a group from nearby Newbury and Ipswich who had petitioned for . Short, blue-eyed, and dark-featured, George was quiet, as per Biography, and lacked the ambition Kate wanted, allowing her to dominate the relationship, notes the Kansas City Star. /Type /Font According to Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian in their book, "Ma Barker," she would yell, cry, write lettersto parole boards, or, as J. Edgar Hoover alleges, bribe the police to destroy evidence. [3] By 1930, she was living with a jobless man named Arthur W. Dunlop (sometimes spelled "Dunlap"). On February 14, 1920, there was a jailbreak. J. Edgar Hoover described her as "the most vicious, dangerous, and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade." [4] After this, she was usually known to gang members as "Kate". Salt Lake City : Tradition Publications. Ma Barker. Ma Barker - The Barker Gang - Criminal Family Enterprise Barker has a half-brother, Kent Valandra, from Matilda's subsequent re-marriage. Thomas Barker 1750-1834 - Ancestry The FBI soon located the house where the gang was staying after identifying references to a local restaurant[clarification needed] named "Gator Joe", who had a taste for gangsters, but not for cops,[clarification needed] mentioned in a letter sent to Doc. Fred Barker was born to George Elias and Arizona Donnie Clark "Ma" Barker in Aurora, Missouri on December 12, 1901. /FontName /EQNEBL+Times-Bold Perkins; Jack; Drummond, John; and Cara, Mark (1996), This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 22:03. On Jan. 8, 1935, Arthur Barker was arrested by FBI agents in Chicago. He soon had three little brothers: Lloyd was born in 1896, Arthur (nicknamed "Doc") in 1899, and Fred in 1903. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover described her as the most vicious, dangerous, and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade. However, Barkers sons and other members of the Barker-Karpis gang denied that Ma played a crucial role in planning their many robberies, kidnappings, and murders. Bremer was released three . Feeling the heat, the gang left St. Paul and returned to Chicago, where they tried to launder the ransom money. Origins From and Judith (Simonds) Barker had the following children, all born in Concord:viii. The FBI reported that a small arsenal found in the house consisted of two .45 caliber automatic pistols, two Thompson submachine guns, a .33 caliber Winchester rifle, a .380 caliber Colt automatic pistol, a Browning 12 gauge automatic shotgun, and a Remington 12 gauge pump shotgun. In days when surnames were only gradually becoming hereditary the fact of a man holding this office for several years would be enough to establish it as his name. New York had the highest population of Barker families in 1840. An error has occured while loading the map. The Wild Real-Life Story Of Ma Barker - Grunge.com January 19, 1934 Gang wounds M.C. "What could look more innocent?". Kate never punished her sons because she never believed they had done anything wrong. % There is not one police photograph of her or set of fingerprints taken while she was alive she knew we were criminals but her participation in our careers was limited to one function: when we traveled together, we moved as a mother and her sons. ", "The standard authority for the history of Shropshire families is the collection of manuscript pedigrees based on the Heralds' Visitations of 1584 and 1623, when representatives of such families as claimed the right to bear arms were summoned to appear before a Herald and give account of their ancestry. Why The FBI Thought Ma Barker Was Americas Most Dangerous Mind In The 1930s. They climbed to the roof, where, miraculously, a rope of perfect length was waiting for them. With Lurene Tuttle, Tristram Coffin, Paul Dubov, Nelson Leigh. Arizona Donnie Clark; October 8, 1873 January 16, 1935), better known as Ma Barker (and sometimes known as Arizona Barker and Arrie Barker), was the mother of several American criminals who ran the BarkerKarpis Gang during the "public enemy era" when the exploits of gangs of criminals in the Midwestern United States gripped the American people and press. The two Massachusetts Barkers, Robert and John, were doubtless descendants of the same ancient and honorable Barker family of Shropshire, from which it has . In the reign of Edward II, the overlord of the manor was Bartholomew de Bcdlcsmere. "[17], (Of BarkerKarpis Gang/associates: 19 arrested; 4 killed by lawmen; 3 killed by gangsters), Not to be confused with the character of the animated television series, Controversy over her leadership of the Barker gang, Summary of the Barker sons and BarkerKarpis Gang's activities. Born Arizona Clark, Ma Barker raised four sons whose crimes made the family Americas most wanted gang. She wasnt suited for a role in the Karpis-Barker Gang., Karpis went on to write in his autobiography that the most ridiculous story in the annals of crime is that Ma Barker was the mastermind behind the Karpis-Barker gang., Continuing, he wrote, She wasnt a leader of criminals or even a criminal herself She knew we were criminals, but her participation in our careers was limited to one function: when we traveled together, we moved as a mother and her sons. Ancestry is a major source of information if you are filling out the detail of Ma Barker in your family tree. Her name was Kate Barker, but she was notoriously known as "Ma" Barker, a Midwestern woman who became the FBI's most wanted mother of the 1930s. Dunlap found at Lake Franstead, Minnesota; killed by Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis. Arrie "countenanced their wrongdoings" while George refused to accept them. [1] However, a family friend recalled that the couple argued about their children's "dissolute life". A map found in his possession indicated that other gang members were in Ocklawaha, Florida. A four-hour shootout - the longest in FBI history, notes the Orlando Sentinel- ensued and at the end of it, both Ma and Fred were dead. In October 2016, the Ma Barker home in Ocklawaha, Florida, was relocated via barge across Lake Weir to Carney Island in Marion County in preparation for being opened to the public as a museum in late 2017 or 2018. Ma Barker - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [6] Chief Brown's involvement in the gang's escape could not be proven, but he was demoted to the rank of detective and was later dismissed from the police force altogether. Barker/Karpis Gang FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation Ma Barker's children were murderers and their BarkerKarpis gang committed a spree of robberies, kidnappings, and other crimes between 1931 and 1935, but there is no conclusive proof that Ma was their leader. Town Where Ma Barker Died Sure That Alligator Did Her In In 1891 there were 10,030 Barker families living in Yorkshire. She gladly received all the ill-gotten gifts her boys bought her, including fur coats, jewelry, and silverware, notes Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian in "Ma Barker." Cecil Barker is deaceased. The two Massachusetts Barkers, Robert and John, were doubtless descendants of the same ancient and honorable Barker family of Shropshire, from which it has been found that Samuel Barker, of Delaware, and James Barker, of Rhode Island, are descended. Ma Barker's Killer Brood (Gangster Film, English Language - YouTube The Barker gang is rooted in the family of Arizona "Ma" Clark Barker (1873?-1935) and her four sons, Herman (1894-1927), Lloyd (1896-1949), Arthur "Dock" (1899-1939), and Fred (1902-35). The Family of Richard Barker of Andover, Massachusetts Paradigm of Seventeenth Century Colonial Puritanism. /Subtype /Type1 She was born about 1772. The Visitations trace all these five families to a common ancestor, "William Barker alias Coverall," who married "Margaret daughter and heire to Goulston of Goulston" and one of his sons is shown as the first Barker of Aston. 1 0 obj Early Origins of the Barker family. FBI agents discovered the hideout of Barker and her son Fred after Arthur was arrested in Chicago on January 8, 1935. /FontFile3 12 0 R The plan worked, Ma Barker, and William Hamm, whole and unhurt, returned to the family. However, there is some controversy regarding Ma Barkers role as the leader and mastermind behind the success of the Barker-Karpis gang. In 1999 using rap name Sha-Queen her single hit 15 on the Billboard charts. The most Barker families were found in United Kingdom in 1891. 1. Wikimedia CommonsMugshot of Mas son Fred Barker in 1930. /CharSet About Kate "Ma" Barker. 722 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 556 444 0 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 According to ChrisEnss and Howard Kazanjianin "Ma Barker," Ma Barker attended church every Sunday and took her boys with her. This theme of persecution and injustice would permeate her life. This was about 26% of all the recorded Barker's in United Kingdom. Microfiche. [7], The gang relocated to Menomonie, Wisconsin, and Fred Barker hid Ma in a variety of hotels and hideouts during their stay there. The land where it had sat since 1930 was sold by its owners. In 1928, Lloyd Barker was incarcerated in the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, Arthur "Doc" Barker was in the Oklahoma State Prison, and Fred was in the Kansas State Prison. However, those who knew her insisted that she had no criminal role and also allege that Hoover created such accusations in order to excuse the FBI for her subsequent death in a shootout in 1935. These grand gestures were often successful in getting sentences terminated - or at least greatly reduced. Allegedly, many local people came to watch the events unfolding, even holding picnics during the gunfire. 3 0 obj [10] Gunfire from the house finally stopped, and the FBI ordered local estate handyman Willie Woodbury to enter the house wearing a bulletproof vest. Next, the gang successfully carried out the kidnapping of two local businessmen, netting $100,000 in ransom for the abduction of William Hamm and $200,000 after arranging the kidnapping of Edward Bremer. $Zm:T==v6]kC}Vz}oq3')$?W08A .XBgFp"QY*H"8#'j ~)IelQNQqT*N3Qii4vZ|TX*eQE=zs1|e^YvrNTl}]4q~ZQNMrEy}vJTe'D/zf%A,"S! Explore Barker genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. From 1928 to 1930, Ma lived in "miserable poverty" in a "dirt-floor shack" with no husband and no job, while all her sons were in jail. stream December 16, 1932 Fred and Arthur Barker, Alvin Karpis and gang robbed Third Northwestern National Bank in, April 4, 1933 Fred and Arthur Barker, Alvin Karpis and gang members, August 30, 1933 BarkerKarpis Gang robs a payroll at Stockyards National Bank of, September 22, 1933 Two bank messengers held up by five men identified as BarkerKarpis Gang; Chicago policeman. He lived in West Springfield before settling in Westfield years ago. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, St. Paul, Minnesota, was just that place. And lastly, George and Arizona had spent 15 years in Tulsa - where I had grown up and where I now live. They made no exception for Fred and Ma Barker after they were brought to a morgue in Ocala, Florida. Alvin Karpis asserted that J. Edgar Hoover, who described Barker as the most vicious, dangerous, and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade, encouraged the creation of the myth to justify the killing of an older woman. They later moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma around the time Herman completed his grade school education. The Encyclopedia of Robberies, Heists, and Capers. Before they met him, the gang were nothing more than a "bumbling band of hillbilly burglars" who would have been captured or killed long before becoming nationally notorious. In 1892, she married George E. Barker and began using the first name Kate. Ma Barker - Real Life Villains Wiki Author John Koblas (via Press)attributes this to her idolization of outlaws like Jesse James - she had taught her sons that criminals were heroes and getting out of trouble was an easy fix. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. /Type /ExtGState According to Enss and Kazanjian, Kate handled the boys while George worked, although he managed to take them fishing and teach them how to shoot. James and his brothers had begun robbing banks throughout Missouri and made regular national news throughout her childhood. The gang apparently believed that Dunlop's loose lips had given them away, and they murdered him while traveling. The Barkers were for many centuries almost exclusively connected with Shropshire, a county equalled by few others in England as to the number of its old historic families. [11] Karpis has suggested that the story was encouraged by J. Edgar Hoover[14] and his fledgling Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to justify his agents' killing an old woman. History remembers her as Ma Barker: the ruthless mother of four of the nation's most dangerous Depression-era criminals. (Herman and Lloyd Barker reportedly involved with the. For another, few believe the short, elderly Barker was capable of firing - or even holding - a machine gun. He was arrested and locked up in the Tulsa County Jail. There is no evidence that she was ever anything more than a glorified accomplice. There was no machinery so the grain was sown or planted by hand and cut with sickles. . Plymouth Colony, MA d: 8 May 1763 dp: Scituate, Mass m: ca 1737 Mary Green b: 8 Mar 1710 bp: Plymouth, Mass d: 16 Mar 1756 dp: Barnstable, Barnstable Co, MA James Bird b: 1722 bp: Litchfield Co, CT The FBI found Ma Barker by tracking her letters sent to her other son. It turned out, Kate Barker and son Fred Barker were shacking up at a cottage on Lake Weir and having the time of their lives trolling for the three-legged monster, as per "Ma Barker," by Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian and had written to Arthur telling him all about it. Biography of Ma Barker and her Sons. FBIFred Barker met Alvin Karpis in prison in 1931. by Elford H. Messer 1994 . George Barker/Kate"Ma"Barker - Genealogy.com >> While her sons were known criminals, the jury is still out on Kate Barker. By 1928, all three remaining Barker brothers were incarcerated, with Lloyd serving time in a federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas, Arthur in an Oklahoma State Penitentiary, and Fred in a Kansas State Prison. As they came of age, Ma Barkers sons turned to a life of crime, as evidenced by Hermans 1915 arrest in Joplin, Missouri for highway robbery. Stockbridge Howland Barker, b. I'm Ma Baker. 1877 1877. Barker was born Arizona Donnie Clark in Ash Grove, Missouri, the daughter of John and Emaline (Parker) Clark; her family called her "Arrie". She had no job, all her sons were in jail, and her husband was gone. Yorkshire had the highest population of Barker families . [6] He also claimed that she enjoyed the lifestyle that was the fruit of her sons' crimes and supposedly had a string of lovers.[6]. He joined former prison-mate Alvin Karpis to form the BarkerKarpis Gang. The FBI first connected the gang to the William Hamm kidnapping by using a new method of latent fingerprint identification. But who was this woman, mostly known these days only by a single black-and -white photo reminiscent of a smirking, backwoods Mona Lisa? The FBI were not aware that Karpis and other gang members had left three days before, leaving only Fred and Ma in the house. Kate Barker (born Douglaston, NY, Marjorie Joanna Porter, b. Abigail "Ma" Crowder Barker (1886-1984) - Find a Grave Memorial Travis Barker Family Tree Explored: Parents And Siblings Revealed. An FBI document describes him as "shiftless" and says the Barkers paid no attention to their sons' education, and they were all "more or less illiterate".[1]. . The Legend of Ma Barker: America's Most Wanted Mother After about a four-hour gun battle, gunfire stopped coming from the house. A strong-willed matriarch who allegedly helped organize her sons crimes, Kate Barker better known as Ma Barker was killed after a four-hour gun battle with FBI agents in Ocklawaha, Florida in 1935. Witchraft brings to mind Salem, Massachusetts, 1692. 7 . Arizona Clark aka Ma Barker - Her Genealogy Arizona Donnie Barker (Clark) (1873 - 1935) - Genealogy - geni family tree Richard E Barker - Agawam, Massachusetts - (413) 782-0169 June 17, 1932 Fred Barker, Karpis and five accomplices robbed Fort Scott, Kansas Bank. Arrie did everything that she could to get her sons off, no matter what they had done.[3]. Additionally, an assortment of machine-gun drums, automatic pistol clips, and a large amount of ammunition was found in the home. FBI leader J. Edgar Hoover agreed, revealing to the public in 1935 that her eyes were "queerly direct, penetrating, with some strongly smoldering flame, yet withal as hypnotically cold as the muzzle of a gun.". August 13, 1932 Attorney J. Earl Smith of Tulsa, Oklahoma found killed at Indian Hills Country Club north of Tulsa; he had been retained to defend Harvey Bailey over the Fort Scott bank robbery, but the man was convicted. Ocala, Florida. %PDF-1.4 Barker Family, Site(s) of - Salem Witch Museum Although she stood only5-feet 4-inches tall, notes Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian in "Ma Barker," she made a lasting impression on those who met her. Agents entered the house after Woodbury announced that Ma and Fred Barker were both dead. 13a. He shot the officer at point blank range in the mouth. PDF Barker family Tree A wanted poster was produced, offering a $100 reward for her capture. January 8, 1935 Arthur "Doc" Barker arrested in Chicago; Barker gang member, January 16, 1935 Fred and Ma Barker killed by FBI in Ocklawaha, Florida (Marion County). Baseball players of the Negro Southern League(NSL). Joseph Passed away in 1980. Also a set of twins that passed away at birth Donny Ray and Donna Kay Barker. /Resources << /ExtGState << /R7 3 0 R >> /Font << /R9 4 0 R /R11 5 0 R >> The Herald's Visitations of Salap commence the.pedigree of this family, whose name appears to have been originally Coverall or Calverhall, with Richard de Coverall, who married Margaret Pigot, and then pass over the intermediate generations to William Barker, also called Coverall, who married the heiress of the Goulstons of Goulston. Kate Barker's parents, Emeline and John Clark, were Scottish-Irish immigrants just trying to work their small farm and make ends meet, according to authors Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian in their book "Ma Barker," Kate adored her father, but he died when she was just 7, and her mother remarried. /Contents 10 0 R Some historians believe Kate Barker was involved, likely providing the instruments of escape. In his memoirs ("Ma Barker"), Karpis claimed, "there was probably never before as complete a gathering of criminals in one room in the United States as there was on New Year's Eve in 1931.". In addition to being a writer, Samuel is a social activist, photographer and cat lover. In 1910, per The Famous People, teenage Herman Barker ran over a child while fleeing the scene of a robbery in a getaway car, and the Barkers became constantly involved with the police. Family tree of Fred Barker - Geneastar The FBI later claimed that she would try to break up any relationships, so that "other women in the gang" did their best to avoid her. [6] According to Claire Bond Potter, "Her age and apparent respectability permitted the gang to hide out 'disguised' as a family. The gangster period thrived until Ma Barker and Creepy Karpis grew brazen. We are all related! After the break, the real Ma Barker and big time crime in the 30s. /XObject << /R13 6 0 R /R15 7 0 R /R17 8 0 R /R19 9 0 R >> >> 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 0 667 611 778 778 0 500 778 0 944 0 0 0 0 0 556 667 0 "[She was] queerly able to present the appearance of a mild, even-tempered lady," Cooper added. In the decades since her death, Ma Barkers role as the leader and mastermind behind the Barker-Karpis gang has been depicted in several movies including the low-budget 1960 film Ma Barkers Killer Brood, starring Lurene Tuttle, 1970s Bloody Mama starring Shelley Winters and Robert De Niro, and Public Enemies, a 1996 film starring Theresa Russell. And for the first time, Ma Barker was officially recognized as an accomplice to the gang by law enforcement. xWiXS{+46*^VmZ*RpB$ !!aJD! John Clark (c.1834 - 1877) - Genealogy - geni family tree /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] This was a success, earning them $100,000. "The most ridiculous story in the annals of crime is that Ma Barker was the mastermind behind the Barker-Karpis Gang," he said in a 1979 interview (via Toronto Sun). Over the next few years, Herman and his brothers were repeatedly involved in crimes of increasing seriousness, including robbery and murder. Eunice Barker was born on 2 (4) 1642 in Rowley. The Story Of Ma Barker - YouTube Things improved for her in 1931 after her son Fred was released from jail. Sometime around 1903 or 1904, the Barker family moved to Webb City, Missouri. My people in this country originate from James Barker of Rowley, Massa chusetts. Pat Sugden (nee Harker) was a major character in Emmerdale Farm in 1972, 1974 and from 1980 to 1986. Barker Genealogy, Barker Family History - geni family tree Barker Name Meaning & Barker Family History at Ancestry.co.uk Over the next several years, Herman, along with his three brothers, began hanging out with other hoodlums in the vicinity of the Old Lincoln Forsythe School in Tulsa, where they became members of the Central Park Gang. Barker Genealogy, published by the Barker Society, of which I am a vice-president,1 I learn there are eight principal lines of the Barker family in this country. George was employed as a farmer at the time, but young Kate saw the promise of wealth if she stuck with him. (Wichita Policeman, March 30, 1931 Fred Barker released from Kansas State Prison after serving time for burglary; met. She is the mother of four sons, all criminals who ran the Barker Gang. Per the Joplin Globe, the Barker boys were known as the town criminals while still school-aged. Ma Barker House (Ocklawaha) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go Arizona Donnie (Clark) Barker (1873-1935) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree The ring is presumed to have been owned by Fred Barker and it has been added to the collection along with several bullet casings and assorted paraphernalia. Get info on Richard E Barker - Agawam, Massachusetts - (413) 782-0169. But it was never enough for Kate. In September 1932, Arthur and Lloyd were released from prison and joined Fred and Alvin. In 1892, she married George Barker in Lawrence County, Missouri, and the couple had four sons: Herman (18931927), Lloyd (18971949), Arthur (18991939), and Fred (19011935).